Humic substances are natural substances (a mixture of organic matter) contained in soil and caustobioliths (peat, lignite and lignite). As an important component of soil, they are formed by biochemical transformations (smothering) of organic (mainly plant) residues and are part of natural humus. The structure of humic acids is very varied and varies according to origin, location, but also the time of sampling, as humic acids behave like a living organism and changes its structure under the right conditions. This cycle of structural change is an important part of soil formation processes.

It is a mixture of humins (water insoluble), humic acids (alkali soluble, acid insoluble), fulvic acids (remain soluble in acidic environments) and humatomelanic acids (alcohol soluble). In our products, the humic acid content consists of 97-98 % humic acids and 2-3 % fulvic acids. The low content of fulvic acids (FAs) favours a high content of humic acids (HA). In general, FAs are considered to be a less valuable component of humus in the soil environment than HA (according to Schachtschabel P. et al.: Lehrbuch der Bodekunde, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgard 1992)

Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) are substances with a large range of molecular weights (2000 - 200 000 g/mol), which contain three-dimensional cross-linked molecules centred on an aromatic core, also containing oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles. This core is followed by chains of an aliphatic character, rich in various functional groups. These are carboxylic and hydroxyl acids, which have not yet been fully identified.

The molecular weight of humic acids ranges from 10 000 to 70 000 g/mol. Fulvic acids are less aromatic, have a higher content of oxygen groups (carboxylic acids) and less nitrogen. Their molecular weight is 2000 - 8000 g/mol. They remain dissolved in acidic environments.

The varied structure of humic acids and the content of very diverse functional groups make these substances a very rewarding study material for a wide range of scientific workplaces, but above all it causes a number of very interesting properties of humic acids. These are mainly spectral, colloidal, electrochemical, ion-exchange and sorption properties. Humic acids have the ability to sorb heavy metals by forming complexes with functional groups (COOH, C=O, -OH) bound on the surface of humic acids. The use of humic acids in a wide range of applications is the subject of further research and development.

It is a mixture of humins (water insoluble), humic acids (alkali soluble, acid insoluble), fulvic acids (remain soluble in acidic environments) and humatomelanic acids (alcohol soluble). In our products, the humic acid content consists of 97-98 % humic acids and 2-3 % fulvic acids. The low content of fulvic acids (FAs) favours a high content of humic acids (HA). In general, FAs are considered to be a less valuable component of humus in the soil environment than HA (according to Schachtschabel P. et al.: Lehrbuch der Bodekunde, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgard 1992)